To estimate the epidemiological parameters related to the Covid-19 outbreak in Iran.
Estimating the epidemiological parameters of new public health threat (COVID-19) is essential to support and inform public health decision-making in different communities including Iran.
We established a mathematical model to estimate the epidemiological parameters from 19 Feb to 15 March based on daily COVID-19 confirmed cases in Iran. Then, we estimated the effect of early traffic restriction on our estimation.
We estimated the R0 at 2.11 (95% CI, 1.87-2.50) and the infected number at 92,260 (95% CI 59,263 -152,212) by 15 March. Our estimate for the ascertainment rate was about 1.2% (95% CI 1.1-1.4). The latent period estimation was 4.24 (95% CI 2.84-6.65). We observed a decline in our estimate after considering the traffic restriction.
Our results suggest that health authorities in Iran must take impactful strategies to control the COVID-19 outbreak to reach R0&lt;1. Therefore, the establishment of complementary, multilateral, and cost-effective measures for the treatment of symptomatic and early diagnosis and isolation of asymptomatic cases/contacts are strongly recommended because of low ascertainment rate and large number of infected cases. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/procyanidin-c1.html We additionally recommend that traffic restriction be combined with other controlling measures.
Our results suggest that health authorities in Iran must take impactful strategies to control the COVID-19 outbreak to reach R0 less then 1. Therefore, the establishment of complementary, multilateral, and cost-effective measures for the treatment of symptomatic and early diagnosis and isolation of asymptomatic cases/contacts are strongly recommended because of low ascertainment rate and large number of infected cases. We additionally recommend that traffic restriction be combined with other controlling measures.The aim of the study is to estimate the burden of Rotavirus gastroenteritis as well as predominant genotypes of Rotavirus among children less than 5 years of age referring to Pediatric University Hospital in Qom, Iran.
Gastroenteritis is the fourth most common cause of death and accounts for 16% of all deaths in children &lt;5 years of age worldwide.
During two years, 130 patients referring to a pediatric hospital were enrolled in this study. After RNA extraction, Rotaviruses were detected by the VP6 gene. Then, G-typing (G1, G2, G3, G4, G8, G9, and G12) and P-typing (P4, P6, and P8) were performed using RT-PCR and specific primers.
The results of the PCR revealed that from a total of 130 patients, 22 cases (16.9%) showed positive VP6 by RT-PCR. G1was mostly thepredominant serotype (27%),accounting for 22% of all VP7-positive isolates, followed by G9 (18%), G2 (9%), G3 (9%), and G4 (9%). None of the strains revealed the presence of G8 genotype (0%), and 5 specimens (23%)were non-typable. The frequency of P typing was P8 (50%), P6 (23%), P4 (14%), and 3 samples were P-non-typable (13%), respectively. The dominant G-P combination was G1 [8] (32%).
Such studies based on typing methods assists in the Rotavirus vaccine introduction by policymakers and design of new effective vaccines.
Such studies based on typing methods assists in the Rotavirus vaccine introduction by policymakers and design of new effective vaccines.This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Human Astroviruses (HAstVs), enteric Adenoviruses (HAdVs), and Sapoviruses (SaVs) in acute diarrhea patients, as well as their relation to age, sex, and season.
Acute gastroenteritis is one of the most common diseases affecting children &lt;5 years old and viral agents with approximately &gt;75% are the major causative agent of acute infectious diarrhea. After Rotavirus and Norovirus, the greater viral agents of acute gastroenteritis include HAstVs, HAdVs, and SaVs. To the best of our knowledge, there are sparse studies in Iran detecting at least three enteric viruses as causative agents of diarrhea simultaneously.
The sample was collected from children referring to pediatric medical centers in Tehran, Iran; they were tested for Astrovirus, enteric Adenovirus, and Sapovirus by conventional PCR method. The association of incidence of viral enteric agents was evaluated with age, sex and seasonal pattern in children &lt;5 years old.
The positive case number among acute gastroenteritis patients was 17/120 (14.1%). Patients ranged in age within 1-60 months, but 52.9% were aged ? 12 months. Males comprised the majority (70.6), and the male female ratio was 2.4. HAstV was the most frequently detected virus (6.7%), while SaVs were detected only in 2.5% of cases. Mixed infections were not detected in these samples. The highest rate of HAstV was identified in winter (66.7%), HAdV in fall (66.7%), and SaV in winter (33.3%).
These findings underscore the importance of monitoring the epidemiology of HAstV, HAdV, and SaV as causative agents of viral diarrhea infections.
These findings underscore the importance of monitoring the epidemiology of HAstV, HAdV, and SaV as causative agents of viral diarrhea infections.We aimed to carry out proteomic assessment of long-term effects of hepatitis C on liver.
Cirrhosis isa condition where liver is damaged and loses its efficiency, and has the high rate of mortality in the world. Proteome profiling may help to identify important proteins and find the pathogenesis Cirrhosis isa condition where liver is damaged and loses its efficiency, and has the high rate of mortality in the world. Proteome profiling may help to identify important proteins and find the pathogenesis.
Here, by the application of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE), combined with (MALDI-TOF-TOF MS), proteome profile of decompensated HCV cirrhosis is determined compared to healthy matched controls. Furthermore, Cytoscape has used network analysis. The proteome comparison between two groups identified proteins with significant expression changes (p&lt;0.05 and fold change ? 1.5).
We found upregulation of IGHA1, C3, A1BG, IGKC and one isoform of HP. Also, lower expression of APOA4 and the other spot of HP in advanced cirrhosis patients were revealed based on HCV compared to matched controls. According to network analysis, ALB has been introduced as a key protein, which may play an important role in pathogenesis.
Integration of the proteomics with protein interaction data led to the identification of several novel key proteins related to the immune system that may reflect the long-term effects of hepatitis C virus on the liver, and can introduce as therapeutic targets for advanced HCV- cirrhosis.
Integration of the proteomics with protein interaction data led to the identification of several novel key proteins related to the immune system that may reflect the long-term effects of hepatitis C virus on the liver, and can introduce as therapeutic targets for advanced HCV- cirrhosis.